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1977:

The Age of biotechnology somatostatin comes with a "" – a human growth hormone release-inhibiting factor, first human protein in bacteria by Genentech, Inc. synthetic, recombinant gene was used to clone a protein for the first time.

1978:

Genentech, Inc. and The City of Hope National Medical Center announce the laboratory production of human insulin successfully using recombinant DNA technology. Hutchinson Edgell and show that it is possible to introduce specific mutations at specific sites in a DNA molecule.

1979:

Sir Walter Bodmer suggests a way to use DNA technology to identify gene markers specific genetic diseases appear and their carriers. John Baxter reports cloning the gene for human growth hormone.

1980:

The prokaryotic model, EE coli, is used to produce insulin and other drugs, in human form. Researchers have succeeded in introducing a human gene – which encodes the interferon protein in bacteria. U.S. Patent for gene cloning is awarded to Cohen and Boyer.

1981:

Scientists at Ohio University produce the first transgenic animals by transferring genes from other animals in mice. The gene for the synthesis of the first machines are developed. Chinese scientists successfully clone a fish goldfish.

1982:

Genentech Inc. received approval from the Food and Drug Administration to market genetically engineered human insulin. Applied Biosystems, Inc. introduced the first phase protein sequencer commercial diesel.

1983:

The chain reaction of polymerase was invented by Kary B. Mullis artificial chromosome was first synthesized, and the first genetic markers for certain diseases are hereditary.

1984:

Chiron Corp. announced the first cloning virus and sequencing of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome. Alec Jeffreys introduces technique for making DNA fingerprints to identify individuals. The first genetically engineered vaccine has been developed.

1985:

Cetus Corporation develops GeneAmp reaction of the polymerase reaction chain (PCR), which could generate billions of copies of a gene sequence directed only a few hours. Researchers find a genetic marker of fibrosis fibrosis on chromosome number 7.

1986:

The first genetically engineered human vaccine – Chiron's Recombivax HB – is approved for prevention Hepatitis B A regiment of scientists and technicians at Caltech and Applied Biosystems, Inc. invented the automated DNA sequencer by fluorescence.

1987:

The first outdoor test in genetically modified bacteria are allowed. It inhibits frost formation on plants. Genentech plasminogen activator tissue (tPA), sold as Activase, is approved as a treatment for myocardial infarction.

1988:

Harvard molecular geneticists Philip Leder and Timothy Stewart awarded the first patent for a genetically modified animal, a mouse that is highly vulnerable to breast cancer

1989:

UC Davis scientists developed a recombinant vaccine against the deadly rinderpest. The human genome project is undertaken, a collaboration between scientists countries around the world to work on the entire human genetic code.

1990:

Gene therapy has the first four years of suffering girl from a immune system disorder called ADA deficiency. The human genome project is officially launched.

1991:

Mary-Claire King, the University of California at Berkeley, found evidence of a gene on chromosome 17 causes the inherited form of breast cancer and also increases the risk of ovarian cancer. Tracey first transgenic sheep is born.

1992:

The liver xenograft mainly a type of animal to another is successful. Chiron's Proleukin is approved for the treatment of renal cell cancer.

1993:

The FDA maintains that genetically modified foods are not "inherently dangerous "and requires no special regulation. Chiron's Betaseron is approved as the first treatment for multiple sclerosis for 20 years.

1994:

Genetically modified foods first, the Flavr Savr tomato, gained FDA approval. The first gene for breast cancer is discovered. Genentech's Nutropin is approved for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency.

1995:

Researchers at Duke University Medical Center hearts transplanted from genetically modified pigs to baboons, proving that cross-species operations are possible. The Haemophilus influenzae is the first organization I live in the world to have its genome sequenced.

1996:

Biogen Avonex is approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The discovery of a gene associated with Parkinson's disease is another important research on the causes and potential treatment of debilitating neurological disorder.

1997:

Report of researchers at the Roslin Institute Scotland, which has cloned a sheep – Dolly – from the cell of an adult sheep. FDA Approves Rituxan, the first antibody based cancer therapeutics.

1998:

The first complete animal genome of the worm C. elegans has been sequenced. In Wisconsin, James Thomson and John Gearhart, Baltimore, each developed a technique for growing embryonic stem cells.

1999:

A new medical test for diagnosis is the first time allow quick identification of BSE and CJD is a rare neurological disease but devastating transmitted from cattle to man.

2000:

'Golden Rice', modified to make vitamin A. Cloned pigs are born for the first time in the work done by Alan Coleman and his team at PPL, The Edinburgh-based company responsible for the sheep Dolly.

2001:

The sequence of the human genome published in Nature and Science, which allows researchers around the world to begin to develop treatments based on genetic disease.

2002:

Scientists sequence DNA of rice, and is the first plant whose genome was decoded.

2003:

The human genome sequencing is completed.

Biotechnology HQ http://biotechnology-hq.com/ articles and information about the science of biotechnology.

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